CAS 74-83-9 MFCD00000166-Bromomethane 溴甲烷 TAO{mole}

Bromomethane 溴甲烷

CAS 74-83-9 MFCD00000166

化学结构图

SMILES: CBr

化学属性

Mol. Formula	CH3Br
Mol. Weight	94.95
Density	0.86
Autoignition Point	996 °F
Vapor Density	3.3 (20 °C, vs air)
Boiling Point	3.56°C
Melting Point	-93.66°C
Vapor Pressure	1420 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Solubility	1.522 G/100 ML
Refractive index	1.4218
Flash Point	-34 °C
Danger-Level	-
pH	-:-
Redox	-

别名和识别编码

Chemical Name	Bromomethane
Synonym	(mono)bromomethane (一)溴甲烷 1-Bromomethane BROMOMETHANE Bercema Br Brom-O-Gas Brom-O-Sol Brom-O-gas Brom-O-gaz Brom-O-sol Brom-methan Brommethan Bromometano Bromomethane Bromomethane (Methyl bromide) 100 µg/mL in Methanol {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} { {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}
CAS Number	74-83-9
PubChem Substance ID	6323
EC Number	200-813-2
MDL Number	MFCD00000166
Beilstein Registry Number	1209223
Chemical Name Translation	溴甲烷
Merck Number	13,6056
Wiswesser Line Notation	E1
LabNetwork Molecule ID	LN02127153
InChI	InChI=1S/CH3Br/c1-2/h1H3

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产品应用

该品为熏蒸剂，可杀虫、鼠和某些病菌。也可作为木材防腐剂、制冷剂、低沸点溶剂，用于有机合成，可制一氟一氯甲烷；与氯化钴配制成增湿剂。

安全信息

GHS Symbol

WGK Germany3

Hazard Codes F+,Xn,N F,Xn,N T,N,Xn,F,F+ T;N

Hazard statements

H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
H301+H331
H280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated 内含高压气体，遇热可能爆炸。
H335 May cause respiratory irritation 可能导致呼吸道刺激
H400 Verytoxictoaquaticlife 对水生生物毒性非常大。
H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects 怀疑导致遗传性缺陷
H319 Causes serious eye irritation 严重刺激眼睛
H373 May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure 长期或频繁接触可能会损伤器官
H420 Harmspublichealthandtheenvironmentbydestroyingozoneintheupperatmospere 通过破坏上层大气臭氧层而危害公众健康和环境。
H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour 高度易燃液体和蒸气
H335+H336
H302+H332

Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US), type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

RTECSPA4900000

Precautionary statements

P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
P301+P310
P305+P351+P338
P281 Use personal protective equipment as required. 使用所需的个人防护装备。
P311 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 呼叫解毒中心或医生/医师。
P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. 远离热源/火花/明火/热的表面。——禁止吸烟。

Signal word Danger

Safety Statements

S38 In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment 通风不良时，佩带适当的呼吸器；
S7 Keep container tightly closed 保存在严格密闭容器中；
S16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking 远离火源，禁止吸烟；
S15 Keep away from heat 远离热源；
S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时，立即求医（可能时出示标签）；
S36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves 穿戴适当的防护服和手套；
S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后，立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见；
S27 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing 立即脱掉全部污染的衣服；
S24 Avoid contact with skin 避免皮肤接触；
S36/39 Wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服和眼睛/面保护；
S59 Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling 参考生产厂家/供货商提供的回收/再生利用信息；
S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet 避免释放到环境中，参考特别指示/安全收据说明书；

Risk Statements

R12 Extremely flammable 极端易燃
R48/20
R11 Highly flammable 非常易燃
R19 May form explosive peroxides 可能生成易爆的过氧化物质
R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 对眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
R59 Dangerous for the ozone layer 对臭氧层有危害
R38 Irritating to skin 刺激皮肤
R66 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking 反复接触可能导致皮肤干燥或皴裂
R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness 蒸汽可能导致嗜睡和昏厥
R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms 对水生生物极毒
R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects 可能有不可挽回的作用的危险
R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed 吸入和不慎吞咽有害
R23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed 吸入及吞食都有毒

UN Number 1062/1581/1647/1955 UN 1062 2.3

Storage condition 冰箱2-8℃保存 2-8°C

Hazard Class2.3

Warnings 危化品目录(2015)

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 3250 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Gastrointestinal - peritonitis
   Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   72,262,1984

TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - L

TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 300 ppm/9H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - muscle weakness
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
   Skin and Appendages - hair
REFERENCE :
   XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin.  (Washington, DC)
    Volume(issue)/page/year: 185,1,1929

TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 35 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - anorexia (human)
   Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
   Skin and Appendages - corrosive (after topical exposure)
REFERENCE :

TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 gm/m3/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Blood - change in clotting factors
REFERENCE :
   NHOZAX Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi.  Japanese Journal of Legal Medicine.  (Nippon
   Hoi Gakkai, c/o Tokyo Daigaku Igakubu Hoigaku Kyoshitsu, 7-3-1, Hongo,
   Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan)  V.1-    1944-  Volum

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 135 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   INHEAO Industrial Health.  (National Institute of Industrial Health, 6-21-1
   Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 213 Japan)  V.1-    1963- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   26,101,1988

TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : R

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 gm/m3
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.

TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
   41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   10,21,1990

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TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 400 ppm
REFERENCE :
   DHEFDK HEW Publication (FDA. United States).  (Washington, DC)  ?-1979(?).
   For publisher information, see HPFSDS.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   FDA-78-1046,1978

TYPE OF TEST            : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 8 mg/L/1H (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 192,131,1987

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 3 pph
REFERENCE :
   ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.  (New York, NY)  V.1-9, 1979-87.  For
   publisher information, see EMMUEG.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,171,1987

TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 150 mg/m3/6H
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 113,272,1983

Restrict -

其他信息

下游产品:9-乙烯基蒽 --> 2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮 --> 二甲基二硫 --> 3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯TMI --> 2-甲基-4-甲胺基-6-甲氧基均三嗪 --> 嗪草酮 --> 氨甲基膦酸 --> 4,4-二甲基-2-戊酮 --> 安替比林 --> 3,3-二苯基四氢呋喃-2-亚基二甲基溴化胺 --> 1-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑 --> 甲基溴化镁 --> 奥扎格雷 --> (乙酰氨基){[2-((双(2-羟乙基)氨基)甲基)-5-硝基苯基]甲基}丙二酸二乙酯 --> 泮库溴铵 --> 21-碘-16Β-甲基孕甾-1,4,9(11)三烯-17Α-醇-3,20-二酮 --> 卡莫司他 --> 3-苯酰苯基乙酸 --> 16alpha-甲基-11beta,17alpha,21-三羟基-9alpha-氟孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮-21-醋酸酯 --> 溴苄乙胺 --> 16Β-甲基孕甾-1,4,9(11)-三烯-17Α-醇-3,20-二酮 --> 2-甲基-2-金刚烷醇 --> 噻托溴铵 --> 2-氯-4-乙酰吡啶 --> 溴丙胺太林 --> 9Α-溴-16Β-甲基孕甾-1,4-二烯-11Β,17Α,21-三醇-3,20-二酮-21-醋酸酯 --> 别名T402 --> 溴化新斯的明 --> 甲基三苯基溴化 --> 十八烷基三甲基溴化铵 --> 16Β-甲基孕甾-4,9(11)-二烯-17Α-醇-3,20-二酮 --> 维库溴铵
使用方法:以密闭熏蒸方式防治仓贮害虫及鼠。土壤熏蒸可防治青枯病、立枯病、白绢病等植物病害及根瘤线虫。18～45克/米3熏蒸24小时可防治仓贮稻、麦、豆类等原粮及面粉、饲料、坚果、干果等的米象、谷象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、麦蛾、印度谷螟、豆象、谷斑皮蠹、玉米象、粉螨等害虫害螨; 含水量12%以上的种子不能熏蒸，以防影响发芽。32～50克/米3熏蒸2～4小时，可防治新鲜蔬菜、水果的玉米螟、豆荚螟等鳞翅目幼虫、金龟子、果蝇、介壳虫、叶螨、潜叶蝇等。16～50克/米3熏蒸温室植物，可防治介壳虫、蓟马、蚜虫、叶螨、白蝇、潜叶蝇、枯墨蚊等害虫及一些钻蛀性害虫。30～45克/米3熏蒸24～36小时，可防治棉、毛织品及木材蛀虫。4～6克/米3熏蒸4～5小时可灭鼠。温度高，熏蒸力强，药量要相应减少。某些活、鲜植物、果实较敏感，用药前应先做小面积试验，以防产生药害。因溴甲烷毒性较高，无特殊解毒药，使用时要注意安全。
储运特性:库房通风低温干燥; 轻装轻卸; 与助燃气体分开存放
蒸气密度:3.3 (20 °C, vs air)
用途三:溴甲烷是除草剂苯磺隆、嗪草酮的中间体，也可以作为甲基环氧化剂生产戊唑醇、己唑醇等，并可作为熏蒸剂
毒性分级:高毒
类别:有害气体
方法二:溴甲烷的生产方法有溴化钠法、氢溴酸法和溴素法。其中溴化钠法和氢溴酸法因原料消耗高、来源困难，生产中要使用硫酸，对设备腐蚀严重，因此，国外已不大采用。而溴素法产率高、工艺简单、基建投资少，是目前生产溴甲烷的主要方法。（1）溴素法先由溴素与硫磺混合制备溴化硫，再将溴化硫滴加入甲醇中，在50-65℃反应，并连续蒸出反应物而得溴甲烷，反应生成的溴甲烷气体经5%烧碱液洗涤，又通入酸洗塔用硫酸洗涤，再经干燥塔用无水氯化钙干燥，最后压缩液化得产品溴甲烷。纯度可达98%以上。每吨产品消耗溴素887kg，甲醇374kg，硫磺90kg，氢氧化钠15kg。（2）氢溴酸法由氯甲烷与氢溴酸在溴化铝存在下反应而得，收率为90%。（3）溴化钠法采用甲醇、溴化钠和硫酸为原料，经反应而得：工艺过程如下：向衬铅或搪瓷反应锅中先加入溴化钠，用管道压入硫酸、甲醇，从夹套通入蒸汽加热，当反应温度升到60℃时，即适当控制反应速度，溴甲烷气体离开反应锅后，经紫铜冷凝器冷却再进入碱水(5%NaOH)洗涤塔去酸，再去硫酸干燥塔去水，经压缩至0.98MPa即得成品。原料消耗定额：溴化钠1100kg/t、甲醇40kg/t、硫酸1960kg/t。用途：该品为熏蒸剂，可杀虫、鼠和某些病菌。本品沸点低，可直接打开钢瓶阀门，
方法一:其制备有两种生产工艺。 (1)溴化钠法在反应釜中加入溴化钠和硫酸甲醇，夹套蒸汽加热，当反应温度为60℃时控制反应速度，蒸出溴甲烷，经碱水(5％NaOH)洗涤塔去酸，再经干燥塔干燥脱水，经压缩即得成品。 CH 3 OH